Applications of Medical xenon
Anesthesia by xenon
Xenon has been used as a general anesthetic, although it is expensive. Even so, anesthesia machines that can deliver xenon are about to appear on the Asian market. Two mechanisms for xenon anesthesia have been proposed. The first one involves the inhibition of the calcium ATPase pump—the mechanism cells use to remove calcium (Ca2+)—in the cell membrane of synapses. This results from a conformational change when xenon binds to nonpolar sites inside the protein. The second mechanism focuses on the non-specific interactions between the anesthetic and the lipid membrane.
Xenon has a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 71%, making it 50% more potent than N2O as an anesthetic. Thus it can be used in concentrations with oxygen that have a lower risk of hypoxia. Unlike nitrous oxide (N2O), xenon is not a greenhouse gas and so it is also viewed as environmentally friendly. Because of the high cost of xenon, however, economic application will require a closed system so that the gas can be recycled, with the gas being appropriately filtered for contaminants between uses.
The main result of the tests is that the KseMed® medicine is a new ecologically clean strong gas anesthetic, having neither common nor specific toxicity, and being well borne by the organism of humans and animals. KseMed® is one of the most prospective anesthetics of the XXI century.
According to the statistics, more than 300 operations under the xenon narcosis were done in various Russian healthcare establishments with excellent results. Xenon introduction in surgery has opened a new page in anesthesia. It became possible due to development of new unique Russian narcosis equipment, which has no analogs in the world.
Medical xenon KseMed®, medicine prescription
Medical xenon KseMed® can be used for inhalation narcosis during various surgery operations, painful manipulations and pain as well as other pathologic conditions healing. KseMed® is mostly prescribed for those patients, who have a high operational-anesthesiology risk or weak patients irrespective of their age. Due to its' indifference and absence of toxicity, KseMed® has no contraindications and is well borne by human organism. KseMed® potential consumers are those healthcare institutions, which use in their practice an inhalation narcosis and posses a respective anesthesia equipment and personnel.
Medical imaging
Gamma emission from the radioisotope 133Xe of xenon can be used to image the heart, lungs, and brain, for example, by means of single photon emission computed tomography. 133Xe has also been used to measure blood flow. Nuclei of two of the stable isotopes of xenon, 129Xe and 131Xe, have non-zero intrinsic angular momenta (nuclear spins). When mixed with alkali vapor and nitrogen and exposed to a laser beam of circularly-polarized light that is tuned to an absorption line of the alkali atoms, their nuclear spins can be aligned by a spin exchange process in which the alkali valence electrons are spin-polarized by the light and then transfer their polarization to the xenon nuclei via magnetic hyperfine coupling. Typically, pure rubidium metal, heated above 100 °C, is used to produce the alkali vapor. The resulting spin polarization of xenon nuclei can surpass 50% of its maximum possible value, greatly exceeding the equilibrium value dictated by the Boltzmann distribution (typically 0.001% of the maximum value at room temperature, even in the strongest magnets). Such non-equilibrium alignment of spins is a temporary condition, and is called hyper polarization.
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